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KMID : 0620920190510120154
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Experimental & Molecular Medicine
2019 Volume.51 No. 12 p.154 ~ p.154
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The activation of bystander CD8+ T cells and their roles in viral infection
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Kim Tae-Shin
Shin Eui-Cheol
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Abstract
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During viral infections, significant numbers of T cells are activated in a T cell receptor-independent and cytokine-dependent manner, a phenomenon referred to as “bystander activation.” Cytokines, including type I interferons, interleukin-18, and interleukin-15, are the most important factors that induce bystander activation of T cells, each of which plays a somewhat different role. Bystander T cells lack specificity for the pathogen, but can nevertheless impact the course of the immune response to the infection. For example, bystander-activated CD8+ T cells can participate in protective immunity by secreting cytokines, such as interferon-γ. They also mediate host injury by exerting cytotoxicity that is facilitated by natural killer cell-activating receptors, such as NKG2D, and cytolytic molecules, such as granzyme B. Interestingly, it has been recently reported that there is a strong association between the cytolytic function of bystander-activated CD8+ T cells and host tissue injury in patients with acute hepatitis A virus infection. The current review addresses the induction of bystander CD8+ T cells, their effector functions, and their potential roles in immunity to infection, immunopathology, and autoimmunity.
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KEYWORD
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Viral hepatitis, Viral infection
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